Blockchain Gives Digital Product Passports a Verifiable Data Layer

Digital Product Passports are becoming a key element of EU product regulation. In a technical contribution, Maciej Krasowski, Co-founder and CEO at Binar, argues that blockchain architectures can support verifiable lifecycle data when products move through complex, multi-party supply chains.

Digital Identity for Physical Products

A Digital Product Passport, or DPP, is a structured dataset linked to a product through a QR code, NFC chip, or RFID tag. It connects the product to data about origin, material composition, production, logistics, service history, environmental footprint, and end-of-life handling.

From Binar’s perspective, DPP implementation is not only a compliance task. It requires an architecture that connects identification technologies, supplier data, ERP systems, compliance records, ESG information, and lifecycle events.

Why Blockchain Matters

Krasowski identifies trust as the central technical issue. In a conventional database, the operator can usually change, overwrite, or delete data. In a blockchain-based system, records are cryptographically linked. If an entry is changed later, the manipulation becomes visible.

This is relevant for certificates, supplier declarations, emissions data, audit confirmations, repair records, and recycling information. At the same time, the technical limitation remains clear: blockchain can verify data integrity, but it cannot guarantee that the original data was correct. Robust DPP architectures therefore combine on-chain verification with off-chain storage, validation, and audits.

Access Rights and Automation

Digital Product Passports must serve different stakeholders. Consumers, customs authorities, manufacturers, and recyclers need different levels of information, from origin and sustainability data to compliance records and disassembly instructions.

In the architecture described by Binar, blockchain can support differentiated access models. Not all data has to be public. Access can be controlled by role, balancing transparency with confidentiality.

Smart contracts can also trigger actions when passport events occur, such as recall notifications, warranty activation, or supplier settlement after delivery confirmation. For industrial users, this links DPP data to service management, aftersales, and circular economy workflows.

Regulation and Market Relevance

Digital Product Passports are linked to the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, which entered into force in July 2024. Priority sectors include batteries and electric vehicles, textiles and apparel, electronics and ICT, furniture, chemicals, plastics, construction materials, and luxury goods.

For system integrators, DPP creates demand for architectures that connect physical identification with secure data infrastructure. RFID, NFC, and QR codes provide the product link. ERP, supplier, compliance, and ESG systems provide the data. Blockchain can add a trust layer where multi-party integrity is required.

For end users, the value lies in traceability, reliable supplier information, easier regulatory reporting, and improved lifecycle management. Repair and service history can increase product value in secondary markets and support reuse, resale, and recycling.

Perspective of the Contribution

The original contribution comes from Maciej Krasowski, Co-founder and CEO at Binar, a company located in Poland. Krasowski has a background in fintech and Web3 architecture, including regulated financial products, Open Banking, MiCA-related infrastructure, stablecoin architecture, and tokenisation.

Binar positions blockchain as an architectural layer for Digital Product Passports. The company offers services including network selection, data model design, ERP and supplier system integration, and alignment with ESPR and Battery Regulation requirements.